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There is no single laboratory panel that is appropriate for every contaminated site.

The correct testing program depends on:

  • historical and current site use;
  • known or suspected releases;
  • materials handled at the site;
  • previous analytical results;
  • soil and groundwater conditions;
  • sampling locations and depths;
  • the environmental decision the data must support.

A better approach is:

Site history → likely contaminants → representative sampling → targeted laboratory testing → interpretation against applicable project criteria

PBR Laboratories supports contaminated-site soil testing from Edmonton for environmental consultants, industrial facilities, remediation teams and land-development projects across Alberta, Western Canada and Canada.

Start With the Site History

Before selecting analytical tests, establish what activities occurred on the property.

Questions may include:

  • Was fuel stored or transferred?
  • Were oils or petroleum products handled?
  • Were metals or metal-containing materials processed?
  • Were industrial chemicals stored or used?
  • Was waste handled or disposed of?
  • Is imported fill present?
  • Were there known spills or releases?
  • Has the property been remediated previously?
  • Are there existing soil or groundwater results?

Site history helps narrow the analytical program to the contaminants that are reasonably relevant.

A generic “test everything” approach can increase cost without necessarily improving the quality of the investigation.

Petroleum Hydrocarbon Testing

Petroleum hydrocarbon testing should be considered where site history includes:

  • fuel storage;
  • service stations;
  • tank farms;
  • equipment maintenance;
  • oil and gas operations;
  • industrial fuel handling;
  • known petroleum releases.

PBR’s soil service architecture includes petroleum hydrocarbon testing for applicable soil matrices.

What can hydrocarbon testing help determine?

Testing may support:

  • initial characterization;
  • comparison with applicable project criteria;
  • horizontal or vertical delineation;
  • remediation planning;
  • follow-up monitoring.

A petroleum hydrocarbon result should be interpreted with the sample location, depth, source history and surrounding analytical results.

Related Service: Petroleum Hydrocarbon Testing in Soil →

Metals Testing

Metals may be relevant where site history includes:

  • metal processing;
  • industrial manufacturing;
  • waste handling;
  • historical fill;
  • combustion residues;
  • mineral materials;
  • other activities associated with elemental contamination.

The required element list should be selected according to the site.

Does every contaminated site need the same metals panel?

No.

A site with historical metal fabrication may require different analysis from a property affected by fuel storage.

The correct panel should reflect the likely contaminants and applicable project criteria.

Related Service: Metals Testing in Soil →

Soil Chemistry

Soil chemistry can provide useful information about site conditions and help interpret other environmental results.

Depending on the project, PBR’s documented soil chemistry capabilities include:

  • pH;
  • alkalinity;
  • electrical conductivity;
  • major anions and cations;
  • total organic carbon;
  • sodium adsorption ratio;
  • cation exchange capacity;
  • nutrient-related parameters;
  • other applicable chemistry.

Why does soil chemistry matter during contamination investigations?

Soil conditions can influence contaminant behaviour, mobility and interpretation.

For example, pH or organic carbon may provide useful context when evaluating selected contaminants.

Related Service: Soil Chemistry Testing →

Glycols, Alcohols & Other Site-Specific Compounds

PBR’s existing soil chemistry service information identifies glycols and alcohols among available soil analyses.

These may be relevant where site history indicates their use or release.

The exact compound, analytical method and current matrix applicability should be confirmed before submission.

The broader principle is:

Test for compounds that are supported by the actual site history rather than adding unrelated analyses simply because they are available.

Environmental Microbiology

Microbiological testing is not required for every contaminated-site investigation.

It may be relevant where:

  • bioremediation is being evaluated;
  • hydrocarbon degradation is part of the project;
  • microbial activity is specifically relevant to the remediation strategy.

PBR’s documented environmental microbiology capabilities include several microbial groups for applicable soil matrices, including hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and other environmental microorganisms.

Microbiology should complement—not replace—contaminant chemistry.

Related Service: Soil Microbiology Testing →

Should Groundwater Be Included in the Investigation?

Potentially.

Soil and groundwater may need to be evaluated together when contaminants can migrate below the soil zone.

Factors include:

  • contaminant characteristics;
  • source depth;
  • soil permeability;
  • site geology;
  • groundwater elevation;
  • historical duration of the release.

Where groundwater impact is plausible, environmental water testing may be appropriate alongside soil analysis.

Related Service: Environmental Water Testing →

What Should Be Tested After a Fuel Spill?

A fuel-related investigation may involve:

  • petroleum hydrocarbon testing;
  • site-specific soil chemistry;
  • additional parameters based on the fuel or process history;
  • groundwater where migration is plausible.

The exact panel should be selected according to the source and project requirements.

The sampling plan may need to focus on:

source area → spill pathway → deeper soil → surrounding locations → groundwater where relevant

What Should Be Tested at a Former Industrial Site?

Former industrial properties may require a broader historical review.

Potential analytical areas can include:

  • metals;
  • petroleum hydrocarbons;
  • glycols or other process-related compounds where supported by site history;
  • soil chemistry;
  • related groundwater.

The site’s historical process is more useful for selecting the test panel than the generic label “industrial property.”

What Should Be Tested in Unknown Fill?

Unknown or imported fill may require analytical characterization depending on the project.

Potential questions include:

  • What is known about the fill source?
  • Is it visually different from native soil?
  • Could industrial or demolition materials be present?
  • Are hydrocarbons or metals plausible?
  • Are different fill zones present?

Different fill areas should not automatically be treated as one homogeneous material.

What Should Be Tested During Remediation?

Once contaminants are identified, the analytical program should become more targeted.

Testing may support:

  • contaminant delineation;
  • remediation monitoring;
  • follow-up sampling;
  • comparison with pre-remediation data;
  • reclamation-related soil characterization.

The project may no longer need every parameter included in the initial investigation.

The test panel should evolve with the project question.

Related Application: Soil Testing for Remediation & Reclamation →

How Should Sampling Locations Be Selected?

The field investigation should select locations based on potential sources and migration pathways.

Potential sampling areas may include:

  • suspected source zones;
  • tank or storage areas;
  • loading zones;
  • waste-handling areas;
  • drainage pathways;
  • visibly affected soil;
  • downgradient locations;
  • background locations;
  • different depths.

PBR’s decision framework emphasizes that sampling design affects how confidently laboratory results can represent a broader site.

Why Sample Depth Matters

Contamination can vary vertically.

A surface sample may not represent deeper impacts.

Likewise, deeper contamination does not necessarily mean the surface has the same concentrations.

The sampling program should define the vertical intervals that need to be characterized.

How Many Soil Samples Are Needed?

There is no universal number.

The appropriate number depends on:

  • site size;
  • number of potential source areas;
  • soil variability;
  • investigation stage;
  • contaminant distribution;
  • sampling depth;
  • project decision.

PBR can discuss laboratory sample requirements, while the environmental professional should design the broader sampling program.

Should Samples Be Composited?

It depends on the objective.

Composite samples combine multiple increments into one laboratory sample.

They can provide an average, but they may also dilute localized elevated contamination.

For source investigation or delineation, grab samples may provide more useful spatial information.

PBR’s decision framework specifically warns that compositing can reduce visibility of localized contamination.

What Does an Elevated Result Mean?

An elevated result means the concentration measured in the submitted sample exceeds the comparison value being used for the project.

It does not automatically define:

  • contamination source;
  • affected area;
  • affected depth;
  • groundwater impact;
  • remediation requirement.

Additional investigation may be needed.

Related Resource: What to Do After an Elevated Soil Test Result →

What Does a Clean Result Mean?

A clean or non-elevated result applies to the submitted sample and sampling location.

It does not automatically prove that the entire property is unaffected.

Environmental conclusions depend on the sampling program and the relationship between samples and potential source areas.

Common Mistakes When Choosing a Contaminated-Site Test Panel

  • Ordering a Large Generic Panel
    More testing is not automatically better testing.
  • Ignoring Site History
    This can lead to missed contaminants of concern.
  • Testing Soil Without Considering Groundwater
    Some sites require more than one environmental matrix.
  • Using Too Few Samples
    A good analytical method cannot compensate for poor site coverage.
  • Combining Unrelated Soil Areas
    Composite sampling can obscure local impacts.
  • Comparing Results Against the Wrong Criteria
    The comparison value must match the site and project context.
  • Repeating Tests Without Refining the Investigation
    Additional testing should answer the next environmental question.

A Practical Contaminated-Site Testing Framework

Use this sequence:

  • 1. Define the property history
    What activities occurred?
  • 2. Identify potential contaminants
    What substances were stored, used or released?
  • 3. Identify likely source areas
    Where could impacts have occurred?
  • 4. Develop the sampling plan
    Locations, depths, media and sample types.
  • 5. Select analytical tests
    Hydrocarbons, metals, chemistry, microbiology or other applicable parameters.
  • 6. Compare results with project criteria
    Determine which results require additional review.
  • 7. Define the next decision
    Additional delineation? Groundwater? Remediation? Follow-up monitoring?

This is much stronger than beginning with a laboratory panel before understanding the site.

Contaminated Site Testing in Alberta

PBR Laboratories supports environmental consultants, industrial operators, land developers and remediation teams throughout Alberta from its Edmonton laboratory.

Common Alberta project contexts may involve:

  • oil and gas;
  • fuel storage;
  • industrial sites;
  • land redevelopment;
  • reclamation;
  • environmental remediation.

PBR can discuss the analytical scope, sample requirements and related environmental matrices before samples are submitted.

Contaminated Site Testing Across Western Canada

PBR supports contaminated-site investigations across Western Canada requiring analytical soil, environmental water and environmental microbiology services.

The testing program should be built around the project—not a one-size-fits-all laboratory package.

Contaminated Site Testing Across Canada

PBR supports Canadian organizations requiring laboratory data for applicable contaminated-site investigations.

The PBR approach is:

Understand the site first. Test the parameters that answer the environmental question. Then interpret the result in the context of the next project decision.

That directly supports PBR’s decision-focused positioning.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should be tested during a contaminated site investigation?

The analytical program should be based on site history and potential contaminant sources. Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, soil chemistry, selected industrial compounds, microbiology and groundwater may be relevant depending on the site.

Does every contaminated site need petroleum hydrocarbon testing?

No. Hydrocarbon testing is relevant where petroleum products or related releases are plausible.

Does every contaminated site need metals testing?

No. Metals should be selected according to site history, industrial activities, fill conditions and previous results.

Should groundwater always be tested?

Not always. Groundwater becomes more relevant where site conditions and contaminant properties create a plausible migration pathway.

How many soil samples are needed?

There is no universal number. Sample number depends on the site, source areas, depths, contaminant distribution and investigation objective.

Should contaminated soil samples be composited?

Not automatically. Composite samples may dilute localized contamination and can reduce spatial information.

What should be tested after a fuel spill?

Petroleum hydrocarbon testing is often relevant, along with other site-specific parameters and groundwater where appropriate.

What should be tested at a former industrial property?

The panel should reflect the historical processes, materials and contaminants associated with that site.

What does an elevated result mean?

It means the measured concentration exceeds the comparison value being used. Additional investigation may be needed to understand source and extent.

Can PBR help determine which laboratory tests are available for a site?

Yes. PBR can discuss the soil matrix, suspected contaminants, current analytical capabilities and laboratory sample requirements. The environmental professional remains responsible for the broader site-investigation design.

Not Sure What to Test at a Suspected Contaminated Site?

When contacting PBR, provide where possible:

  • current and historical site use;
  • suspected contaminant sources;
  • known spills or releases;
  • soil matrix;
  • planned sample locations and depths;
  • related groundwater concerns;
  • applicable project criteria;
  • the decision the analytical data needs to support.

PBR can discuss available soil and environmental testing and laboratory sample requirements before submission.