Skip to Main Content

Land development and redevelopment projects can uncover environmental soil concerns related to historical property use, imported fill, former industrial activity, fuel storage, waste handling or previous site contamination.

PBR Laboratories provides analytical soil testing support from Edmonton for land developers, environmental consultants, construction teams and property owners throughout Alberta, Western Canada and Canada.

Depending on site history and project objectives, testing may include:

  • petroleum hydrocarbons;
  • metals;
  • soil chemistry;
  • selected industrial contaminants;
  • environmental microbiology where relevant;
  • related groundwater or environmental water testing.

The right testing program should be based on the property history, suspected environmental concern, sample locations, depth and decision the results need to support.

What Is Environmental Soil Testing for Land Development?

Environmental soil testing evaluates selected contaminants and soil characteristics before or during development where site history suggests possible environmental impacts.

Testing may support questions such as:

  • Does historical site use create a soil concern?
  • Are petroleum hydrocarbons present in the sampled soil?
  • Are selected metals elevated?
  • Does imported or unknown fill require further investigation?
  • Is additional delineation needed before excavation or redevelopment?
  • Could groundwater also be affected?
  • Is follow-up testing needed after contaminated soil is removed or managed?

A laboratory result applies to the submitted sample and should be interpreted as part of the broader environmental site investigation.

When Should Land Development Projects Consider Soil Testing?

Historical Industrial Use

Former industrial or manufacturing sites may warrant targeted environmental testing based on the materials and activities previously present.

Former Fuel Storage or Service Areas

Historical tanks, fuel handling, maintenance or equipment areas may create reasons to investigate petroleum hydrocarbons.

Unknown or Imported Fill

Fill material with uncertain origin may require characterization depending on project requirements and site history.

Redevelopment of Previously Used Land

Commercial or industrial redevelopment can involve environmental questions that are different from undeveloped land.

Unexpected Soil Conditions During Excavation

Unusual odours, staining, buried materials or previous site records may trigger additional environmental investigation.

Before or During Remediation

Testing may support characterization and follow-up where contaminated soil is identified.

Environmental Soil Testing Is Not Geotechnical Testing

PBR’s verified soil services are focused on analytical, environmental, chemical and microbiological testing.

This page should not imply PBR provides geotechnical engineering tests such as:

  • bearing capacity;
  • Proctor compaction;
  • Atterberg limits;
  • grain-size engineering classification;
  • settlement analysis;
  • foundation design.

Those are different services.

PBR's role here is to provide analytical data supporting environmental soil assessment and contamination investigations.

What Can PBR Test for on Development Sites?

Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon testing may be relevant where site history includes:

  • fuel storage;
  • service stations;
  • industrial equipment;
  • vehicle maintenance;
  • petroleum handling;
  • known spills.

PBR's soil service architecture includes petroleum hydrocarbon testing for applicable soil matrices.

Related Service → Petroleum Hydrocarbon Testing in Soil

Metals

Metals testing may be appropriate where previous site use involved:

  • industrial processing;
  • metal handling;
  • waste disposal;
  • imported fill;
  • historical manufacturing;
  • other activities associated with elemental contamination.

The target element list should reflect the site history rather than using a generic metals panel.

Related Service → Metals Testing in Soil

Soil Chemistry

Soil chemistry can provide additional context for environmental assessment.

Depending on the project, PBR's documented capabilities include:

  • pH;
  • electrical conductivity;
  • alkalinity;
  • major anions and cations;
  • total organic carbon;
  • other applicable soil chemistry parameters.

These measurements can support characterization of the site and interpretation of other analytical results.

Related Service → Soil Chemistry Testing

Environmental Microbiology

Microbiology is not a standard requirement for every development site.

However, it may be relevant where:

  • hydrocarbon biodegradation is being investigated;
  • bioremediation is part of the project;
  • environmental microbial activity is specifically relevant.

PBR's documented capabilities include hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and other environmental microbial groups for applicable matrices.

Related Service → Soil Microbiology Testing

Site History Should Drive the Testing Program

The most useful environmental testing starts with understanding what happened at the property.

Examples:

Former Service Station

Potential focus:

  • petroleum hydrocarbons;
  • related soil chemistry;
  • groundwater where relevant.

Former Industrial Property

Potential focus:

  • metals;
  • hydrocarbons;
  • process-related contaminants based on site history.

Site With Imported Fill

Potential focus:

  • testing selected according to the origin and nature of the fill;
  • metals or hydrocarbons where relevant;
  • other parameters where project information supports them.

Greenfield Development

Testing needs may be different and should be based on the actual environmental assessment rather than assuming contamination.

The key principle is:

site history → likely contaminants → sampling plan → laboratory analysis

Environmental Soil Testing During Excavation

Construction can expose soil that was not accessible during earlier investigations.

If excavation reveals unexpected conditions, the project team may need to evaluate:

  • staining;
  • odour;
  • buried material;
  • fill differences;
  • previously unidentified tanks or infrastructure;
  • localized soil impacts.

Analytical testing can then help characterize the submitted samples.

The laboratory result should support a defined project question rather than be used as a substitute for site investigation.

Imported Fill & Soil Characterization

Imported fill may create environmental questions when its source or previous use is uncertain.

Testing may be considered to support:

  • material characterization;
  • comparison with project requirements;
  • investigation of unexpected results;
  • confirmation of selected environmental parameters.

PBR should avoid claiming that a laboratory result alone determines whether fill is legally acceptable for every use.

The applicable project criteria and professional environmental interpretation remain important.

Soil Sampling for Development Sites

Sampling design can have a major effect on how useful laboratory results are.

Important considerations include:

  • historical source locations;
  • excavation depth;
  • horizontal coverage;
  • vertical coverage;
  • different fill zones;
  • background locations;
  • soil heterogeneity;
  • previous analytical results.

PBR’s decision framework emphasizes representative sampling and correct sample handling when laboratory results support environmental decisions.

Ask PBR about sample containers, quantities and handling requirements before field sampling.

Grab Samples vs Composite Samples

Grab Samples

Grab samples represent a specific location and depth.

They can be useful where localized contamination is suspected.

Composite Samples

Composite samples combine material from several locations.

They may provide an average representation but can also dilute localized contamination.

For development-site investigations, composites should be used only when they fit the project objective.

What Does an Elevated Soil Result Mean for a Development Project?

An elevated result means that the measured concentration exceeds the comparison value being used for the project.

It does not automatically determine:

  • that the whole property is affected;
  • that construction must stop;
  • that the soil must be removed;
  • that groundwater is contaminated;
  • that remediation is required.

The project team may need to consider:

  • sample location;
  • depth;
  • extent;
  • source;
  • applicable criteria;
  • site use;
  • adjacent samples;
  • environmental professional interpretation.

Related Resource → What to Do After an Elevated Soil Test Result

Does One Clean Sample Prove a Development Site Is Clean?

No.

One clean result applies only to the submitted sample and the location or depth it represents.

Site conditions can vary because of:

  • former structures;
  • historic storage areas;
  • localized spills;
  • fill placement;
  • excavation history;
  • different soil zones.

A meaningful conclusion depends on the broader sampling plan.

Soil Testing & Groundwater During Development

Some soil impacts may also create groundwater questions.

Whether groundwater testing is relevant depends on:

  • contaminant type;
  • site geology;
  • depth of contamination;
  • water-table elevation;
  • soil permeability;
  • historical source.

PBR provides environmental water testing for applicable groundwater and surface-water matrices.

Related Service → Environmental Water Testing

Environmental Soil Testing Before Property Redevelopment

Redevelopment of previously used properties can create a different environmental risk profile from new development.

Potential concerns may include:

  • former fuel storage;
  • industrial processes;
  • previous waste handling;
  • historical fill;
  • maintenance areas;
  • unknown buried infrastructure.

Testing should be targeted to the property history and project requirements.

Supporting Soil Remediation During Construction

If environmental contamination is identified, laboratory testing can support:

initial characterization

additional delineation

removal or remediation activity

follow-up sampling

analytical review

PBR's role is to provide the analytical information needed for the project team to make the next environmental decision.

Related Application → Soil Testing for Remediation & Reclamation

Common Mistakes on Land Development Soil Projects

  • Confusing Environmental and Geotechnical Testing
    The two serve different purposes.
  • Selecting a Generic Test Panel
    The program should reflect site history.
  • Collecting Too Few Samples
    Localized environmental impacts can be missed.
  • Ignoring Depth
    Contamination may occur below surface soils.
  • Mixing Different Fill Zones
    Combining unlike materials can obscure meaningful differences.
  • Treating One Clean Sample as Site-Wide Evidence
    One sample cannot characterize an entire property.
  • Ignoring Groundwater
    Groundwater may be relevant depending on the contaminant and site conditions.

Who Needs Environmental Soil Testing for Development?

  • Land Developers
    For redevelopment, property assessment and project planning where environmental soil concerns exist.
  • Environmental Consultants
    For sampling programs, environmental assessments and remediation projects.
  • Construction Companies
    Where excavation uncovers unexpected soil conditions requiring analytical characterization.
  • Property Owners
    For environmental investigations associated with development or redevelopment.
  • Municipalities
    For public land, infrastructure and redevelopment projects.
  • Remediation Contractors
    Where development and remediation activities occur together.

Land Development Soil Testing in Edmonton & Alberta

PBR Laboratories provides environmental soil testing support from Edmonton, Alberta.

PBR supports Alberta development and redevelopment projects involving:

  • former commercial or industrial properties;
  • fuel-related sites;
  • imported fill;
  • environmental remediation;
  • municipal development;
  • construction-related soil investigations.

Clients can discuss the soil matrix, suspected contaminant and sample requirements directly with PBR before submission.

Land Development Soil Testing Across Western Canada

PBR supports environmental soil testing for development projects throughout Western Canada.

The testing program should be based on the property's history and environmental risk rather than a standard package applied to every development.

Land Development Soil Testing Across Canada

PBR supports Canadian developers, consultants and project teams requiring analytical soil information for environmental development and redevelopment decisions.

The decision path is:

property history → environmental concern → targeted sampling → laboratory results → compare with project criteria → next development or remediation decision

Frequently Asked Questions

What soil testing is needed before land development?

The required testing depends on property history, previous land use, known or suspected releases, fill materials and project requirements. There is no universal test panel for every site.

Is environmental soil testing the same as geotechnical soil testing?

No. Environmental testing evaluates chemical or microbiological conditions and contamination. Geotechnical testing evaluates physical soil properties relevant to engineering and construction design.

Can PBR test soil from a former gas station?

Yes. PBR supports petroleum hydrocarbon testing and other relevant environmental soil analyses for applicable matrices.

Should imported fill be tested?

Potentially, especially where its source or previous use is uncertain. The required analytical parameters depend on project requirements and the material history.

Can PBR test soil for metals before redevelopment?

Yes. PBR provides metals testing for applicable soil matrices. The element list should reflect the site's history and project requirements.

What happens if contaminated soil is found during excavation?

The project team may need to characterize the affected soil, define its extent, consider other environmental media and determine the appropriate management or remediation response.

Does one clean result prove the property is uncontaminated?

No. The result applies to the submitted sample and location. Site-wide conclusions depend on the broader investigation.

Should soil samples from different fill areas be combined?

Not automatically. Combining different soil or fill zones can obscure meaningful differences. Sampling should reflect the project objective.

Should groundwater also be tested?

Potentially, where site conditions and the contaminant type suggest groundwater impact is plausible.

Does PBR provide geotechnical engineering services?

The verified PBR scope used for this page supports analytical environmental soil testing. It does not establish broad geotechnical engineering services.

Does PBR support development projects outside Alberta?

Yes. PBR supports clients throughout Alberta, Western Canada and Canada.

Planning Development or Redevelopment Where Soil Conditions Need Environmental Testing?

Tell PBR:

  • What is the property's historical use?
  • Is contamination already known or only suspected?
  • Are petroleum hydrocarbons, metals or other environmental parameters of concern?
  • Is imported fill involved?
  • Where and at what depth will samples be collected?
  • Could groundwater also be relevant?
  • What development or remediation decision will the results support?

PBR can discuss available analytical soil testing and laboratory sample requirements before submission.