Skip to Main Content

Metals testing helps environmental consultants, industrial facilities, remediation teams and landowners evaluate soil where elemental contamination or naturally elevated concentrations may be relevant to a site investigation.

PBR Laboratories provides metals testing support from Edmonton for soil projects throughout Alberta, Western Canada and Canada.

PBR's existing Soil Chemical Testing services identify metals analysis among the available soil chemistry capabilities.

The correct analytical program depends on the site history, suspected source, element list, soil matrix, sample location and decision the result must support.

What Is Metals Testing in Soil?

Metals testing measures selected elemental concentrations in a submitted soil sample.

Testing may support questions such as:

  • Are selected metals elevated at a sampling location?
  • Does a result differ from expected site or background conditions?
  • Is historical industrial activity relevant?
  • Does additional soil sampling need to be completed?
  • Should groundwater or another environmental medium also be investigated?
  • Is follow-up testing needed during remediation or reclamation?

A laboratory result applies to the submitted sample. It should be interpreted against the appropriate environmental criteria, site history and project objective.

When Should Soil Be Tested for Metals?

Environmental Site Investigation

Metals may be included where site history or previous results indicate potential contamination.

Industrial Sites

Manufacturing, storage, processing or historical industrial activity may create reasons to investigate selected elements.

Historical Fill or Waste Areas

Unknown or imported fill material may require characterization depending on site history.

Land Development

Metals testing may be appropriate where historical site activities create environmental concerns before redevelopment.

Remediation & Reclamation

Metals results can support characterization and follow-up assessment where metals are part of the identified concern.

Baseline Monitoring

Testing may also be used to establish soil chemistry before a project or compare conditions over time.

Which Metals Should Be Tested?

There is no single metals panel that is appropriate for every site.

The element list should be based on:

  • site history;
  • suspected source;
  • industrial process;
  • historical land use;
  • previous analytical results;
  • applicable project criteria.

For example, an industrial processing site may require a different metals list from agricultural land or a former storage area.

The best approach is:

site history → likely elements → representative samples → laboratory analysis → interpretation

Does Detecting a Metal Mean Soil Is Contaminated?

Not automatically.

Many elements occur naturally in soil.

A detected concentration needs to be interpreted in context, including:

  • background conditions;
  • geology;
  • land use;
  • sample location;
  • sample depth;
  • site history;
  • applicable environmental criteria.

The more useful question is:

Is the measured concentration elevated relative to the criteria and context that apply to this project?

That distinction is critical for both technical accuracy and decision-making.

What Does an Elevated Metals Result Mean?

An elevated result means the concentration measured in the submitted sample is above the comparison value being used for the investigation.

It does not automatically identify:

  • the source of the metal;
  • whether the entire site is affected;
  • how deep the impact extends;
  • whether the condition is naturally occurring or site-related;
  • whether groundwater is affected;
  • whether remediation is required.

The next step may include:

review site history → compare nearby samples → evaluate depth → assess background → collect additional samples → consider other environmental media

Metals Testing & Site History

Site history should guide the analytical panel.

Potential sources can include:

  • industrial processing;
  • waste handling;
  • metal storage;
  • historical filling;
  • combustion residues;
  • process materials;
  • naturally mineralized soil.

Testing without understanding likely sources can lead to unnecessary analysis or missed elements.

Metals Testing & Soil Chemistry

Metals results are often easier to interpret when considered alongside relevant soil chemistry.

Depending on the project, useful parameters may include:

  • pH;
  • electrical conductivity;
  • total organic carbon;
  • major ions;
  • other project-specific chemistry.

Why does soil chemistry matter?

Soil properties can influence metal mobility and behaviour.

For example, pH and organic matter can affect how some elements interact with soil.

The laboratory result should still be interpreted within the project framework rather than used to make unsupported conclusions about site behaviour.

Related Service: Soil Chemistry Testing →

Metals Testing & Environmental Soil Contamination

Metals may form one component of a broader contaminated-site investigation.

Depending on site history, other relevant testing could include:

  • petroleum hydrocarbons;
  • soil chemistry;
  • environmental microbiology;
  • groundwater.

A broad environmental investigation should not assume that metals are the only possible concern.

Related Service: Environmental Soil Contamination Testing →

Metals Testing & Groundwater

If site conditions suggest metals could migrate or influence groundwater, soil and water results may need to be considered together.

Relevant factors can include:

  • soil type;
  • pH;
  • groundwater depth;
  • geochemistry;
  • contaminant source;
  • site history.

Related Service: Environmental Water Testing →

Soil Sampling for Metals Testing

Sampling design affects how confidently results can be applied to the broader site.

Important considerations include:

  • sample location;
  • sample depth;
  • suspected source area;
  • background locations;
  • number of samples;
  • soil heterogeneity;
  • contamination during sampling;
  • sample containers;
  • labelling and chain of custody.

PBR's decision framework emphasizes representative sampling and correct handling when analytical results support environmental decisions.

Ask PBR about sample requirements before collecting soil for metals analysis.

Grab Samples vs Composite Samples for Metals

Grab Samples

A grab sample represents one specific location or depth.

This can be useful when the investigation focuses on localized contamination.

Composite Samples

Composite samples combine material from multiple locations.

They can provide an average representation but may also reduce visibility of localized elevated concentrations.

The use of composites should therefore be based on the investigation objective.

Background Soil vs Site-Impacted Soil

A useful environmental investigation may sometimes require distinguishing between:

  • naturally occurring background;
  • potentially site-related elevation.

This may involve:

  • comparison samples;
  • site history;
  • geological context;
  • appropriate environmental criteria.

A laboratory result by itself does not determine whether an elevated metal is natural or site-related.

Metals Testing During Remediation

Metals testing may be used at different stages:

Initial characterization

Determine affected areas

Remediation or management

Follow-up sampling

Compare analytical results

Because metals do not behave like petroleum hydrocarbons, the remediation approach and interpretation may differ.

PBR should focus on analytical support rather than implying a specific remediation strategy without project-specific context.

What Happens if Metals Remain Elevated After Remediation?

The quality or environmental team may need to review:

  • remediation coverage;
  • sample location;
  • depth;
  • site background;
  • residual source;
  • soil heterogeneity;
  • analytical history;
  • sampling plan.

Additional sampling may help determine whether the elevated result is localized or representative of a broader area.

Metals Testing for Agricultural Soil

Metals analysis may also be relevant in selected agricultural or land-use investigations, but the interpretation should remain separate from nutrient analysis.

Metals testing answers:

What elemental concentrations are present?

Agricultural nutrient testing answers different questions involving soil chemistry, nutrient characteristics and salinity.

Related Service: Agricultural Soil & Nutrient Testing →

Common Mistakes in Soil Metals Testing

  • Using a Generic Metals Panel Without Site Context
    The element list should reflect the site and suspected source.
  • Treating Any Detection as Contamination
    Natural background concentrations must be considered.
  • Sampling Too Few Locations
    Localized impacts may be missed.
  • Ignoring Sample Depth
    Metal concentrations can vary vertically.
  • Using Composite Samples Without a Defined Purpose
    A composite may dilute a localized elevated result.
  • Comparing Against the Wrong Criteria
    Results need to be compared with criteria appropriate to the site and project.
  • Ignoring Other Environmental Media
    Groundwater or other matrices may also be relevant.

Who Needs Soil Metals Testing?

  • Environmental Consultants
    For contaminated-site assessment, baseline investigations and remediation work.
  • Oil, Gas & Industrial Facilities
    For environmental investigations where industrial activity may have affected soil.
  • Land Developers
    For properties with historical industrial or fill-related concerns.
  • Remediation & Reclamation Teams
    For characterization and follow-up testing.
  • Municipalities
    For site management and environmental projects.
  • Agricultural & Land-Management Projects
    Where selected elemental concentrations are relevant to the project objective.

Metals Testing in Soil in Edmonton & Alberta

PBR Laboratories provides soil metals testing support from Edmonton, Alberta.

PBR supports environmental consultants, industrial facilities, developers and remediation teams throughout Alberta with analytical soil testing and technical discussion around:

  • target elements;
  • sample requirements;
  • site history;
  • related soil chemistry;
  • project objectives.

Metals Testing in Soil Across Western Canada

PBR supports soil metals testing projects across Western Canada where environmental, industrial or reclamation investigations require elemental analysis.

Testing should be based on the site and suspected source rather than a one-size-fits-all panel.

Metals Testing in Soil Across Canada

PBR supports Canadian clients requiring metals analysis for applicable soil matrices.

The decision-first workflow is:

site history → target elements → representative sampling → measured concentrations → compare with applicable criteria → determine next investigation step

That aligns with PBR's positioning as a laboratory that helps clients understand results in the context of the decision being made.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is metals testing in soil?

Metals testing measures selected elemental concentrations in a submitted soil sample. Results are interpreted against the appropriate environmental criteria and project context.

Can PBR test soil for metals?

Yes. PBR's existing Soil Chemical Testing service identifies metals analysis as part of its soil testing capabilities.

Which metals should be tested?

The required list depends on the site history, suspected source, industrial process, previous results and applicable project criteria.

Does detecting a metal mean the soil is contaminated?

No. Many elements occur naturally in soil. Results must be considered against background conditions, site context and appropriate criteria.

What does an elevated metal concentration mean?

It means the measured concentration is above the comparison value being used for the project. Additional investigation may be needed to determine source, extent and significance.

Should background soil samples be collected?

They may be useful for some investigations where understanding natural background conditions is important. The sampling plan should be developed around the project objective.

Should metals soil samples be composited?

It depends on the objective. Compositing can provide an average but may dilute localized elevated concentrations.

Should groundwater be tested when metals are elevated in soil?

Potentially. Site conditions, groundwater depth, geochemistry and the suspected source should guide that decision.

Can soil metals testing be used during remediation?

Yes. Metals analysis may support characterization and follow-up testing where metals are part of the identified site concern.

Does PBR provide metals testing outside Alberta?

Yes. PBR supports clients throughout Alberta, Western Canada and Canada.

Need Metals Testing for Soil?

Tell PBR:

  • What is the site history?
  • Which elements are of concern?
  • Where and at what depth will samples be collected?
  • What criteria will be used to interpret the results?
  • Are background samples needed?
  • Could groundwater or another environmental medium also be affected?

PBR can discuss available soil metals testing and sample requirements before submission.